Overview
The Adafruit TPA2016 Stereo 2.8W Class D Audio Amp with I2C AGC is a compact stereo amplifier breakout designed for embedded audio projects that need efficient power delivery and software control. Built around the Texas Instruments TPA2016 Class-D amplifier, it can deliver up to 2.8W per channel into 4-ohm speakers when powered from a 5V supply, making it suitable for small speakers in portable and desktop designs.
This board features an I2C control interface that allows you to configure output gain and automatic gain control (AGC) parameters in software. The integrated AGC helps prevent clipping and distortion when audio levels fluctuate, which is especially useful for music playback and voice output. On startup, the amplifier defaults to a 6dB gain with AGC enabled, allowing it to work without firmware configuration, although any custom gain or AGC settings must be re-applied on every power-up since they are not stored internally.
Operating from a wide 2.7V to 5.5V supply range, the TPA2016 achieves high efficiency typical of Class-D amplifiers, reaching up to around 89% efficiency under normal loads. The audio inputs are differential and include onboard coupling capacitors for improved noise immunity. The outputs are bridge-tied, meaning the speakers are driven directly without a ground reference and without the need for output coupling capacitors or filters, provided speaker leads are kept short.
The amplifier includes built-in thermal shutdown and over-current protection for reliable operation in compact enclosures and battery-powered projects. It is intended to drive 4-ohm or 8-ohm speakers directly and should not be connected to another amplifier stage. As a result, this board is a solid upgrade over basic analog audio amplifiers, offering better efficiency, cleaner sound, and fine-grained digital control from Adafruit.
Specification
Technical details for Adafruit TPA2016 Stereo 2.8W Class D Audio Amp with I2C AGC.
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Amplifier Type | Stereo Class D Audio Amplifier (Bridge-Tied Load) |
| Amplifier IC | Texas Instruments TPA2016 |
| Supply Voltage | 2.7V – 5.5V DC |
| Output Power (5V Supply) | 2 × 2.8W @ 4Ω, 10% THD; 2 × 1.7W @ 8Ω, 10% THD |
| Efficiency | Up to 89% (8Ω at ~1.5W) |
| Control Interface | I2C (Gain + AGC configuration) |
| Gain Range | Selectable from −28dB to +30dB |
| Default Startup Settings | Starts with 6dB gain and AGC enabled (music-friendly defaults) |
| Automatic Gain Control (AGC) | Built-in AGC with configurable parameters |
| Input Type | Differential inputs with onboard 1.0µF coupling capacitors |
| Single-Ended Input Use | Tie L− and R− to GND for non-differential sources |
| Output Type | Bridge-tied speaker outputs (no output pin tied to GND) |
| Output Signal | ~300kHz PWM (speaker coil averages the output) |
| Output Filter Requirement | Designed for use without an external output filter (keep speaker wires ~2"–4" or shorter) |
| PSRR | 80 dB |
| Pop/Click Suppression | Excellent click-and-pop suppression |
| Protection | Thermal shutdown and over-current protection |
| Shutdown Feature | Dedicated shutdown pin for power-saving mode |
| Current Consumption | 3.5mA quiescent; 0.2µA in shutdown |
| Included | Assembled & tested breakout, 3.5mm screw-terminal blocks, header pins |
Pinout
| Pin | Description |
|---|---|
| SPK_L+ | Left channel speaker positive output (Bridge-Tied Load). Connect directly to speaker. |
| SPK_L− | Left channel speaker negative output (Bridge-Tied Load). Do not connect to ground. |
| SPK_R+ | Right channel speaker positive output (Bridge-Tied Load). Connect directly to speaker. |
| SPK_R− | Right channel speaker negative output (Bridge-Tied Load). Do not connect to ground. |
| VDD | Main power supply input for the amplifier (2.7V–5.5V DC). Higher voltage provides higher output power. |
| GND | Ground reference for power and signals. |
| SHDN | Shutdown control pin. Pull LOW to disable both amplifier channels. Internally pulled up to VDD, so the amplifier is enabled by default. Per-channel shutdown is available only via I2C. |
| L+ | Left channel audio input positive. Use for differential or single-ended input. |
| L− | Left channel audio input negative. Tie to ground for single-ended input. |
| R+ | Right channel audio input positive. Use for differential or single-ended input. |
| R− | Right channel audio input negative. Tie to ground for single-ended input. |
| SCL | I2C clock line for gain and AGC configuration. Onboard 10kΩ pull-up included. |
| SDA | I2C data line for gain and AGC configuration. Onboard 10kΩ pull-up included. |
| I2C VCC | Logic-level reference for the I2C interface. Connect to the microcontroller logic voltage (3V or 5V). Allows 5V amplifier power with 3V I2C logic. |
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